Cultural and Linguistic Issues Impacting Psychological...

Introduction While psychological assessment can be useful, it is merely a tool that provides a piece of a puzzle when assessing individuals. Many things need to be considered in addition to psychological assessment to generate the most accurate results. No individual is exactly the same, therefore a standarized assessment tool will remain flawed. Cultural and linguistic differences are important to acknowledge and understand in efforts to reduce bias in assessment tools. Cultural and Linguistic Issues Impacting Psychological Assessment An individuals culture is one of the most influential factors that will drive an individual’s responses to psychological assessment. Culture molds and shapes our values, social norms, behaviors†¦show more content†¦Exposure is another factor that plays a pivotal role in the development of a human being and their perceptions. Each exposure an individual has results in a experience, contributing their frame of reference. Far to often it is assumed that because human beings possess the same machinery (brian, senses, body parts) that it operates in same manner and if it doesn’t, it is defective or broken. The realization that different doesn’t equate to flawed is critical in psychological assessment. Duran, Firehammer and Gonzalez (2008) state: The culture-bound nature of the diagnostic nosology used by mental health practitioners, referred to as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000), serves to alienate Native people and persons from other cultural groups who do not understand or accept a Eurocentric worldview of mental health and psychopathology. (p.291) Linguistics are a major component in culture. Psychological assessments with no modification or adaptation to consider culture and linguistic variances, lead to invalid diagnosis and ineffective treatment. Words have different meanings to different people. There are often several dialects within a language that alters the interpretation of words and their use. Linguistics notably influence individuals and their response. Psychological assessments are challenged to adequately address linguistic variables.Show MoreRelatedIs The Naplan A Psychological Test? Why Or Why Not?1701 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1: Is the NAPLAN a psychological test? Why or Why not? The Australian Psychological Association (APS) defines a psychological test as the measure of characteristics and abilities of an individual including aptitude and intelligence (â€Å"Australian Psychological Society: Psychological testing, 2016). As educators are increasingly building competence in psychological fields involving assessment properties, test administration, interpretation and statistics (Bowles et al., 2016), administrationRead MoreTheories And Ethical Perspectives Of Child Development3300 Words   |  14 Pagesframeworks attempting to construct the idea of a ‘perfect’ child; which has become a central part of practice (Woodhead, 2006). The purpose of this essay is to explore child development, whilst demonstrating a critical understanding of dominant psychological theories and how these can perpetuate certain political and ethical perspectives. Bringing alternative theories to the dialogue is an acknowledgement that no one theory can be said to have pr e-eminence. 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Cordero, Ph.D., M.P.H., Associate Project Director, Division of Standards and Survey Methods, The JointRead MoreMarriage Guidance: Summary Notes19959 Words   |  80 Pagesfamily over generations and reinforced by the surrounding community† Culture and ethnicity manifest in language, faith, race, national and geographic origin, family formation An individual’s sense of self is implicitly intertwined with his/her cultural beliefs and sense of belonging to an ethnic group Schematic comparison of the Western and African Views of the person and worldviews Western view of the person and the worldview Individuality Uniqueness Differences Competition IndividualRead MoreFactors Influencing International Students Choice Of An Educational Destination9131 Words   |  37 Pagesliteratures and secondary data are investigated. These factors are knowledge about host country, knowledge about the educational institutions, cost issues, recommendations from others and personal factors. 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============================================================= HOME TEC Essay Example For Students

============================================================= HOME TEC Essay ============================================================= HOME TECH: The Inner Workings NewScience - The Toilet Yesthose tales youve heard are true. The toilet was first patented in England in 1775, invented by one Thomas Crapper, but the extraordinary automatic device called the flush toilet has been around for a long time. Leonardo Da Vinci in the 1400s designed one that worked, at least on paper, and Queen Elizabeth I reputably had one in her palace in Richmond in 1556, complete with flushing and overflow pipes, a bowl valve and a drain trap. In all versions, ancient and modern, the working principle is the same. Tripping a single lever (the handle) sets in motion a series of actions. The trip handle lifts the seal, usually a rubber flapper, allowing water to flow into the bowl. When the tank is nearly empty, the flap falls back in place over the water outlet. A floating ball falls with the water level, opening the water supply inlet valve just as the outlet is being closed. W ater flows through the bowl refill tube into the overflow pipe to replenish the trap sealing water. As the water level in the tank nears the top of the overflow pipe, the float closes the inlet valve, completing the cycle. From the oldest of gadgets in the bathroom, lets turn to one of the newest, the toothpaste pump. Sick and tired of toothpaste squeezed all over your sink and faucets? Does your spouse never ever roll down the tube and continually squeezes it in the middle? Then the toothpaste pump is for you! When you press the button it pushes an internal, grooved rod down the tube. Near the bottom of the rod is a piston, supported by little metal flanges called dogs, which seat themselves in the grooves on the rod. As the rod moves down, the dogs slide out of the groove theyre in and click into the one above it. When you release the button, the spring brings the rod back up carrying the piston with it, now seated one notch higher. This pushes one-notchs-worth of toothpaste out o f the nozzle. A measured amount of toothpaste every time and no more goo on the sink. Refrigerators Over 90 percent of all North American homes with electricity have refrigerators. It seems to be the one appliance that North Americans can just not do without. The machines popularity as a food preserver is a relatively recent phenomenon, considering that the principles were known as early as 1748. A liquid absorbs heat from its surroundings when it evaporates into a gas; a gas releases heat when it condenses into a liquid.The heart of a refrigerator cooling system is the compressor, which squeezes refrigerant gas (usually freon) and pumps it to the condenser, where it becomes a liquid, giving up heat in the process. The condenser fan helps cool it. The refrigerant is then forced through a thin tube, or capillary tube, and as it escapes this restraint and is sucked back into a gas again, absorbing some heat from the food storage compartment while it does so. The evaporator fan distrib utes the chilled air. In a self-defrosting refrigerator/freezer model, moisture condenses into frost on the cold evaporator coils. The frost melts and drains away when the coils are warmed during the defrost cycle which is initiated by a timer, and ended by the defrost limiter, before the frozen food melts. A small heater prevents condensation between the compartments, the freezer thermostat turns the compressor on and off, and the temp control limits cold air entering the fridge, by means of an adjustable baffle. Smoke Detectors Is your smoke detector good at scaring to death spiders who carelessly tiptoe inside it? Have you ever leapt out of the shower, clad only in you-know-what, to the piercing tones of your alarm, triggered merely by your forgetting the close the bathroom door? Is it supposed to do this? There are two types of smoke detectors on the market; the photoelectric smoke detector and ionization chamber smoke detector. The photoelectric type uses a photoelectric bulb t hat shines a beam of light through a plastic maze, called a catacomb. The light is deflected to the other end of the maze where it hits a photoelectric cell. Any smoke impinging on this light triggers the alarm (as do spiders and water droplets in the air!). The ionization chamber type contains a small radiation source, usually a man-made element called Americium. The element produces electrically-charged air molecules called ions, and their presence allows a small electric current to flow in the chamber. When smoke particles enter the chamber they attach themselves to these ions, reducing the flow of current and triggering the alarm. Both types are considered equally effective and may be battery-powered or wired to the homes electrical system. No matter which type you choose, if you dont have one installed, put down this article and go buy one now! And while youre signing that credit card voucher for the new smoke detector, pause for a moment and gaze at that other technological ma rvel you are probably holding in your hand, the ball-point pen. Ever wonder why its called a ball-point? Because it has a ball. The first European patents for the handy device were issued in the late 19th century, but none of the early pens worked very well until a Swiss inventor named Lazio Josef Biro designed the first modern version in 1939. He called it a birome. Commercial production was delayed by World War II, and then in 1945, an American firm, Reynolds, introduced the miraculous pen which revolutionizes writing at Gimbels in New York City. The new pen didnt work very well and cost a whopping $12.50 U.S., but it was an instant success. The Henry Ford of the ball-point industry, Marcel Bich, launched the Bic pen in 1949, after developing the Biro design for two years to produce a precision instrument which wrote evenly and reliably and was cheap. By the early seventies, Bic pens became the worlds largest manufacturer of ball-point pens, and today some two and one-half million Bic ball-points alone are sold every day in North America. Ink feeds by gravity through five veins in a nose cone, usually made of brass, to a tungsten carbide ball. During the writing process, the ball rotates, picking up a continuous ink supply through the nose cone and transferring it to the writing paper. The ball is a perfect sphere, which must fit precisely into the extremely smooth nose cone socket so that it will rotate freely yet be held tightly in place so that there is an even ink flow. Although it sounds deceptively simple, perhaps the most amazing thing about ball-point pens is the ink. Why doesnt it just run out the end? Why doesnt it dry up in the plastic cartridge? Bic describes the ink as exclusive, fast-drying, yet free flowing. The formula is, of course, secret. In the 19th century, writer and thinker Ralph Waldo Emerson expressed a fear that perhaps we all feel to some extent, that things are in the saddle and ride Mankind. But with the help of good household re ference books, friendly reference librarians, and helpful manufacturers only too willing to help consumers understand their products, we can at least get a rein on the technology in our homes. .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 , .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .postImageUrl , .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 , .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2:hover , .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2:visited , .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2:active { border:0!important; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2:active , .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2 .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u38bafdf9f643778d8efe56ea1086c8f2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet Essay

Definition Integrated Customer Experience â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Definition Integrated Customer Experience? Answer: Introducation Customer experience can be defined as the response of the customers to the company regarding the experience they had at the time of using their services or products. The customers can directly contact the company to share their views or indirectly post their comments somewhere to share their opinions about the products and serves they have used. Integrated customer behaviour is the term that is used when the customers experiences are used as the basis or the starting point if everything that the company do (Botha Van Rensburg, 2010). In todays era, it is very important for the companies to integrate the customers experiences in their strategies so that they can cater the market better. Marketing is done by the companies for conversion of the respect in the customer. Conversion is also done to make the normal customers a loyal one and this can happen only when the customers experience is excellent with the company. Thus, Taking integrated customers experience as the basis of conversi on strategies of the company is very useful and essential. Customers experiences can be linked to the expectation of the customers and the promises of the company. The conversion can only happen if the company can live up to the expectations of the customers which are developed in accordance with the promises of the company (Mosley, 2007). Customers experience is very crucial for brand image. Customers make a perception about the products when the brand image is associated with it. If that perception deviates then it becomes difficult for the companies to give better experiences to the customers. Perception cannot be controlled by the companies but it can be altered as per the situation and by applying some of the strategies. There are different types of experiences that the customers go through and thus it is difficult to measure the experiences. Different types of customers experiences: As per the definition of the customers experience, it has been analysed that it is the response of the customers feelings that they have experienced at the time of using the products or the service. It is not just the products or service that affects the experience but many external factors have their impact on the customers experience (Schmitt, 2010). An example of a restaurant service can be taken. If the ambience of the restaurant is good and the food is not good then also a customer can claim that he or she had good time there because of the ambience and other services. It has been discussed that measuring customer experiences is very important for the companies and as there are many factors that affect the customers experience thus it is required by the companies to categorize these customers experiences. Below is the figure that categorizes the customers experiences on some bases: The customers experiences above are based on the standardization of the business process and the engagement of the customers in a particular situation. It has been analysed that most of the customers experience the situation that is defined in the last right corner quadrant that is business as usual. This is the situation where the standardization of the business process is very high while the customers engagement is very low (Meyer Schwager, 2007). Here, the repetitive truncations are made by the company and the customers. It can be associated with the daily life activities such as making debit card payment of buying something from the one retailer. These are the activities that give the business as usual kind of customer experiences to the customers and this is the most obvious experience that customers feel in their daily lives. In this situation, the companies can make the system automated by assuming the possible situation that can be generated (Nagasawa, 2008). For example whe n the iTunes remind the customer that they already bought the item they are going to buy, it is not the one spot decision that has been made but the company has already set some of the rules according to the most probable situation that can happen with the customer. The upper right corner of the matrix deals with the predictable customers lifecycle events. It is the situation where the process is standardized but at the same time the customers are also engage to a high extent (Yi, Y., Gong, 2009). It can be understood with an example such as getting the first bill from the mobile network company. In tis, the company have already perceived that the customers will want to know about the high amount that has been charged with them in the bill and the customers will equally be interested in knowing and enquiring about the bill. It is the predicted situation by the company and thus a standardized system needs to be made by the companies to handle such types of customers experiences. It is not the uncommon situation as every customer will be inquiring for their bill so that company can easily detect the situation and make standard solution to resolve such issues (Smith Wheeler, 2002). The third experience is related to quadrant in the left lower corner that is about threat to cost efficiency. It is the situation were the standardization is also low and even the customer engagement is also very low. In this kind of situation, the customers experiences do not really matters to the customers as well as to the company. For example, if in a hotel, the billing machine or the computer fails to type a single letter or because of any technical issue the computer fails to take any information of the guest automatically then the manager or the receptionist has to fill the detail manually (Palmer, 2010). This is not a big concern but the computer can be checked by the technician later. In this situation not the customers and not even the company is interested. So, these are the experiences that really dont matter and cannot be predicted by the company to make any standardized solution for it. The last quadrant deals with surprises, trials and tribulations. It is most threatening and dangerous situation for the company because the customers are highly engaged in the situation but the company does not have any pre planned solution to resolve the same. This is the situation where the customers experience can be negative and can affect the brand image of the company adversely (Homburg, Jozi? Kuehnl, 2017). This might happens sometimes that the problem is there but the company does not have any idea about it and even does not have any standard plans for that problem which may be surprisingly experienced by the customers and can create a negative impact. This is the most critical situation that should be handled calmly by the company. Many times, the customers of the company can get this kind of situation. The companies these days are appointing many people in the customers support area while some of them have a full department that only deals with customers and resolve their issues. These are the strategies that as make the customer experiences and also helps the company to make their brand image in the market (Johnston Kong, 2011). Disadvantages and advantages With the above discussion, it has clearly been mentioned that customers experiences are very important element that needs to be integrated in the business processes and strategies so that the company can cater the market in effective way with good brand image. One of the most important benefits for the company by integrating customer experience is innovation. When any of the takes customer experience as the basis of their strategy formation process then it becomes easier for the company to innovate the products med the services according to the preferences of the customers (Grewal, Levy Kumar, 2009). Also, the innovation made with this basis has less chances of getting failed. Another important benefit for the company by customer experience is brand image. Predicting the situation or the problems that the customers can face in future and making standardized solution for them is the most effective way of developing the brand image of the company (Puccinelli, Goodstein, Grewal, Price, Raghubir Stewart, 2009). There are some other advantages as well such as development of effective strategies, catering market effectively, developing the customer oriented approach etc. In addition to it, the company also face some of the challenges in terms of integrating customer experience in their business (Lemke, Clark Wilson, 2011). One of the biggest challenges is regarding the identification and prediction of the customer experience. This is because there are different customers having different point of views. It is not necessary that every customer have similar experiences in similar situations (Wen, Prybutok, V Xu, 2011). Thus, the companies have to assume the most common behaviour of the customers to predict the situations that can be generated in future. It is very difficult to cater the market with the same strategies as different market and customers have different preferences. Similarly, it is also difficult to categories the customer experience in the similar manner as different market and customers have different nature. Recommendations: It has been recommended to the business that integrating customer experience is one of the best approaches to be used to develop the brand image of the firm but at same time the company has to find an approach to categorize the customer experience according to the market. Most of the companies have installed the customer support system in their processes so that the customers can easily contact the company with their issues (Frow Payne, 2007). This is because resolving the issues of the customers also generates a different kind of customer experience amongst the customers. If the roble is resolved easily then the customers feels happy. Satisfying each and every customer is not possible. So, the only solution to make the services better is to cater the needs of the customers according to their nature and supporting them even after selling the products or the services to then (Rahman, 2006). This will help the companies to be in the good books of the customers and can also deliver bet ter customer experience. Conclusion: Customer experience can be defined as the response of the customers to the company regarding the experience they had at the time of suing their services or products. In todays era, it is very important for the companies to integrate the customers experiences in their strategies so that they can cater the market better. Customers make a perception about the products when the brand image is associated with it. If that perception deviates then it becomes difficult for the companies to give better experiences to the customers. There are different types of experiences that the customers go through and thus it is difficult to measure the experiences. There are four types of customer experiences. The first one is predictable life events, threat to cost efficiency, business as usual and surprises. It has different advantages and disadvantages for the company. It has been recommended to the business that integrating customer experience is one of the best approaches to be used to develop the b rand image of the firm but at same time the company has to find an approach to categorize the customer experience according to the market. References: Botha, G. J., Van Rensburg, A. C. (2010). Proposed business process improvement model with integrated customer experience management: general articles.South African Journal of Industrial Engineering,21(1), 45-57. Grewal, D., Levy, M., Kumar, V. (2009). Customer experience management in retailing: an organizing framework.Journal of retailing,85(1), 1-14. Homburg, C., Jozi?, D., Kuehnl, C. (2017). Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(3), 377-401. Johnston, R., Kong, X. (2011). The customer experience: a road-map for improvement.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,21(1), 5-24. Lemke, F., Clark, M., Wilson, H. (2011). Customer experience quality: an exploration in business and consumer contexts using repertory grid technique.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,39(6), 846-869. Meyer, C., Schwager, A. (2007). Customer Experience.Harvard business review, 1-11. Mosley, R. W. (2007). Customer experience, organisational culture and the employer brand.Journal of Brand Management,15(2), 123-134. Palmer, A. (2010). Customer experience management: a critical review of an emerging idea.Journal of Services marketing,24(3), 196-208. Puccinelli, N. M., Goodstein, R. C., Grewal, D., Price, R., Raghubir, P., Stewart, D. (2009). Customer experience management in retailing: understanding the buying process.Journal of retailing,85(1), 15-30. Schmitt, B. H. (2010).Customer experience management: A revolutionary approach to connecting with your customers. John Wiley Sons. Smith, S., Wheeler, J. (2002).Managing the customer experience: Turning customers into advocates. Pearson Education. Wen, C., Prybutok, V. R., Xu, C. (2011). An integrated model for customer online repurchase intention.Journal of Computer Information Systems,52(1), 14-23. Yi, Y., Gong, T. (2009). An integrated model of customer social exchange relationship: the moderating role of customer experience.The Service Industries Journal,29(11), 1513-1528. Frow, P., Payne, A. (2007). Towards the perfectcustomer experience.Journal of Brand Management,15(2), 89-101. Nagasawa, S. Y. (2008). Customer experience management: Influencing on human Kansei to management of technology.The TQM Journal,20(4), 312-323. Rahman, Z. (2006). Customer experience managementA case study of an Indian bank.Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management,13(3), 203-221.

Study Problem free essay sample

Problem # 1 page 397 Firm A has $10,000 in assets entirely financed with equity. Firm B also has $10,000 in assets, but these assets are financed by $5,000 in debt (with a 10 percent rate of interest) and $5,000 in equity. Both firms sell 10,000 units of output at $2. 50 per unit. The variable costs of production are $1, and fixed production costs are $12,000. (To ease the calculation, assume no income tax. ) Firm A Assets 10,000 Firm B Assets 10,000 5,000 in debt at 10% $5,000 in equity Both Firm A and Firm B- sell 10,000 units @ 2. 50 Variable cost- $1 Fixed Cost- $12,000 a. What is the operating income (EBIT) for both firms? Firm A EBIT = Revenue Operating Expenses = $2. 50*10,000 $1*10000 $12,000 = $3,000 Firm B EBIT = Revenue Operating Expenses = $2. 50*10,000 $1*10000 $12,000 = $3,000 b. What are the earnings after interest? The earnings after Interest are: Firm A $3,000-$0=$3,000 Firm B $3,000-10%*$5,000=$3,000-$500=$2,500 c. If sales increase by 10 percent to 11,000 units, by what percentage will each firm’s earnings after interest increase? To answer the question, determine the earnings after taxes and compute the percentage increase in these earnings from the answers you derived in part b. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Problem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New Sales = 11000 Firm A EBIT = Revenue Operating Expenses = $2. 50*11,000 $1*11000 $12,000 = $4,500 Earnings After Interest = $4,500 Percentage Increase = ($4,500 $3,000)/$3,000 = 50% Firm B EBIT = Revenue. Operating Expenses = $2. 0*11,000 $1*11000 $12,000 = $4,500 Earning After Interest = $4,500 $500 = $4,000 Percentage Increase = ($4,000 $2,500)/$2,500 = 60% d. Why are the percentage changes different? The percentage changes are different because Firm A is getting an increase of $1,500 in revenues over the earlier value $3,000 Firm B is getting an increase of $1,500 in revenues over the earlier value $2,500 This is the same increase, but original values are different, so the one with less will show a higher percentage change.

The Analysis Essay of Sick by Shel Silverstein Sample

The Analysis Essay of Sick by Shel Silverstein SampleThe Analysis Essay of Sick by Shel Silverstein is an essay which requires a lot of writing skills. Not only does the student need to put a lot of effort into writing this essay, he also needs to understand how to structure it correctly. This means that the student is likely to have to write an essay with all the elements that are required for it to be good, without even knowing the essay format!Some people may be very good at writing essays and may not even be aware of the essay formatting that is required. Since this kind of essay is quite difficult, there is no point in thinking that the student may be able to do it better than someone who has never written an essay. The reason why students get their essays wrong is that they do not understand the format. They have to take time out of their lives for writing this essay because they do not know how to do it right.Therefore, if a student wants to ace the essay and get it right, he needs to have a great level of knowledge about essay writing. He needs to study how to organize the essays correctly. This means that he should learn the art of different styles of formatting the essay and also about making the essay's flow and to have them be grammatically correct.After learning how to format the essay properly, the student can then use the theme that was used in the Analysis Essay of Sick by Shel Silverstein sample. It will be important to use a theme for the essay, as this is what will guide the reader in understanding the essay and not the wordings that he writes. The goal is to make the reader understand what you are trying to say.The goal of the essay is to show your understanding of the topic and to inform the reader. When a person reads an essay, he gets interested in it because he understands the topic that you are discussing. If you are writing a worded essay that he cannot comprehend, he will not read the essay and will not read anything else that you hav e written. This is why it is important to make sure that the themes used in the essay are ones that he can understand and relate to.It is much easier to relate themes to topics and this is why the student must use this when he is doing an essay on a certain topic. If the topic is health or life or happiness, he should use a theme related to these topics. In this way, he will be able to relate to the topic and will be able to grasp the ideas contained in the essay better.In order to make this work, the student must be extremely creative when it comes to writing the essay. A student may be able to manage his thoughts and be able to fit them into the right format but this does not mean that he will be able to create a theme related to the topic. When a theme is created, it becomes so easy to relate the topic that it will be obvious when he will be able to understand what he has written. In fact, he will just realize that the essay is not getting through to him.In order to be successful in essay writing, he must be able to use a theme as a starting point. If he cannot see a theme from the beginning, he will have to take time out of his busy schedule to read the essay. If he is able to do this, he will find that he can get it right every time and will make the essay flow naturally and the flow will be smooth.

Banking Industry essays

Banking Industry essays Commercial Bank vs. Thrift Institution Commercial banks are considered to be the largest group of depository institutions when measured by asset size; they are very distinguishable from savings institutions and credit unions in the size, regulation and composition of their loans and deposits. Deposits are the main source of funding for commercial banks while their liabilities may include various non-deposit funds such as subordinated notes and debentures. Commercial banks have two main assets on their balance sheet; loans and investment securities. Loans are responsible for the majority of assets held by commercial banks and are considered to be the most important revenue generator. The four main types of commercial bank loans are; business loans, real-estate loans, individual loans, and various other loans, which may be loans to emerging countries. Real-estate loans rank as the largest asset of the four main types of loans. Investment securities represent the second major asset on a commercial bank balance sheet. These consist of items such as; interest bearing deposit purchases from other financial institutions, federal funds sold to other banks, repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasury securities, just to mention a few. Investment securities benefit commercial banks in liquidity management, generation of interest income, low default risk and are effectively traded in the secondary market. Due to the high levels of liquidity ri sk for commercial banks, they usually hold large amounts of cash and investment securities in order to meet the claims of their liability customers, upon liquidation. In the event of loan default the losses are charged off against the bank equity, thus reducing retained earnings and the equity of the bank. Commercial banks have two main sources of funds, deposits and borrowed money, which are represented as liabilities on their balance sheet. Deposit accounts are comprised of four major ...

The efficacy of the principle of supremacy of EU law depends on its Essay

The efficacy of the principle of supremacy of EU law depends on its reception in national constitutional courts. Discuss - Essay Example Despite being recognized by member states, there are particular reservations made by the national constitutional courts that challenge the principle of supremacy of the Community law. They view supremacy as an ideology rooted in national constitutions instead of being derived from the nature of Community legal order.1 Based on this notion, the constitutional courts possess the right to evaluate whether the European Union institutions conduct themselves within the competences given to them and respect the fundamental human rights and constitutional norms. An example of such cases include the Maastricht and Solange I and II decisions made by the German Constitutional Court, the Maastricht decision made by the Danish Supreme Court, and the Frontini and Granital decisions made by the Italian Constitutional Court. France offers a good example of how the supremacy of the European Union law depends on the reception of the national constitutional court. In France, the Constitutional Council frequently subjects new treaties to preliminary evaluation. The Constitution can be amended before the ratification process if an incompatibility is seen and this practice is crucial because it significantly minimizes the risk of constitutional conflict with the Community law.2 The acceptance of the Community law supremacy remains a contentious issue for case law. This is specifically evident in the possible conflicts between the national constitution and the European Union norms. The principle of supremacy can give rise to delicate and complex matters. It is crucial to state that no case law has ever addressed the issue of EU law supremacy and the national constitution. When a conflict exists between the ordinary domestic legislation and primary EU law, it is anticipated that the courts cannot hesitate to offer influence to the principle of supremacy.3 For the constitutional courts, the mere acceptance of the supremacy of EU law over the national constitutional law is equated to re ndering the courts redundant.4 The supremacy of the European Union law is among the four constitutional doctrines of the European Union (EU) law. The supremacy has no formal foundation in the original or first Treaty of European Community. Nonetheless, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) based on the conception of the new legal order established it. This can be well illustrated by its landmark case (Flaminio Costa v. ENEL) in which it was established that there existed a conflict between the Italian laws on national electricity monopoly and the EC (European Community) provisions permitting the free movement of goods. The ECJ created a clear hierarchy between the national law and EC by stating that in contrast with the normal international treaties, the EEC had established its legal system in which an entry into the Treaty force became an important part of the member states’ legal systems and in which their courts are required to apply.5 The court further ruled that the law em anating from the Treaty (that is, a self-governing source of law) was not possible to be overridden by the domestic legal provisions because of its original and special nature. The reactions to the principle were different among the Member States. It is important to note that the principle of supremacy over the national laws has been recognized by the Member States. Difficulties have emerged in acknowledging the absolute supremacy over the